PBL和PACS在医学影像学教学中的应用

目的浅析影像学教学中开展图像存档和传输系统(PACS)与以问题为导向的教学方法(PBL)相结合的教学方式的作用。方法对本院48名医学影像学医学生开展研究,研究时间开始于2018年1月,结束于2019年1月,依据随机数字法将其分成对照组24例与观察组24例,将传统教学模式应用在对照组教学中,将PBL和PACS相结合的授课形式应用在观察组教学中,比较两组理论成绩以及临床实践能力。结果在理论考核项目和临床实践考核得分方面,观察组均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论采用PBL和PACS相结合的授课模式,可有效提升医学影像学教学质量,保障学生更加有效地掌握理论知识以及专业技能。     

骨科护理带教应用情景模拟教学法对教学质量的影响

目的探讨在骨科护理带教中应用情景模拟教学法对教学质量的影响。方法按照随机采样的方式,将我院2018年1月—2020年1月骨科接收的实习护生110名作为研究对象。根据教学方式的差异,将其划分为对照组(n=55,采取传统护理带教方案)、观察组(n=55,采取情景模拟教学法)。从理论知识掌握状况和操作能力水平来进行教学质量评估,且评估两组护生对带教的满意度。结果观察组实习护生的理论知识与操作能力评分相较于对照组更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组实习护生对护理带教满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在骨科护理带教中,运用情景模拟教学法,能够有效地优化教学质量和护生的学习态度。     

发热伴血小板减少综合征研究热点的可视化分析

[摘要]　目的　对发热伴血小板减少综合征（severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, SFTS）的相关文献进行文献计量学和可视化分析，探寻近年来的研究现状、热点及趋势，为临床治疗和基础研究提供参考。方法?以Web of Science（WOS）核心合集和中国知网（China national knowledge infrastructure, CNKI）数据库为文献来源，检索2011年1月1日—2021年12月31日有关SFTS的文献，导入CiteSpace.5.7.R2软件，以国家、作者、文献共被引、关键词为节点进行可视化分析，并绘制相关图谱。结果?在WOS核心合集共检索到797篇文献，在CNKI数据库共检索到714篇文献。相关领域发文量总体呈上升趋势，中国发文量居首位，美国和日本之间机构合作密切。研究热点集中在发病机制、抗体、特异性治疗等领域。非结构蛋白、临床预后、血小板减少、SFTS感染的靶细胞等将是未来的研究重点。结论?国内外关于SFTS的研究逐渐成熟，新型布尼亚病毒、免疫功能、预后是研究重点，但是对SFTS发病机制和病毒受体尚不清楚，仍须进一步探索。     

Hand hygiene education of Greek medical and nursing students: A cross-sectional study

AimTo investigate medical and nursing students’ education on hand hygiene, their attitude on hand hygiene education and how this education influences their hand hygiene knowledge and practices.BackgroundHospital-acquired infections are associated with prolonged hospitalisation and mortality. The most effective measure for their control is healthcare workers’ hand hygiene compliance. Since medical and nursing students constitute the future healthcare workers, our study focuses on them.DesignCross-sectional studyMethodsThis study was conducted during the academic year 2016–2017, using a modified World Health Organisation questionnaire. Our sample consisted of 132 medical and 111 nursing students from National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece. In data analysis, the Mann-Whitney and Fisher’s exact tests were applied to compare differences in continuous variables and proportions in categorical variables, respectively. Knowledge and practices overall scores were calculated per student group. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess the influence of potential confounders on these scores.ResultsWe found that 73.1% of medical and 98.2% of nursing students had received relevant education, which was reported as “only theoretical” by 77.4% of the former and as “hands-on and theoretical” by 88.1% of the latter group. Besides the risk of infection, knowledge acquired in lectures and trainer’s behaviour were also considered very influential factors shaping hand hygiene attitude in both groups. Overall, medical students reported better hand hygiene practices than nursing ones (69.9% and 59.7%, respectively; p < 0.001). The opposite finding was observed regarding their overall knowledge on hand hygiene (57.2% of medical versus 60.4% of nursing students, p = 0.04). The majority of students (86.6% of all participants; p < 0.001) supported the inclusion of compulsory hand hygiene education in their curriculum. Compulsory education and seminars were assessed as the most effective measures to increase hand hygiene compliance (71.4% of all students).ConclusionIn our study, medical students scored better in practices questions than nursing students; this did not apply for the knowledge score. The majority of students supported the inclusion of compulsory education on hand hygiene principles in their Departments’ curricula, highlighting compulsory education and seminars as the most effective measures to increase compliance with hand hygiene.     

基于体质指数的营养健康教育指导对食管癌根治术后病人营养知信行水平及营养学指标的影响

目的:探讨基于体质指数(BMI)的营养健康教育指导对食管癌根治术后病人营养知信行水平及营养学指标的影响。方法:将117例食管癌根治术后病人抽签分为对照组58例和观察组59例,对照组病人给予延续性饮食指导,观察组病人在延续性饮食指导基础上联合基于BMI的营养健康教育指导。比较两组病人营养知信行水平、营养学指标及不良反应。结果:干预后观察组病人营养行为、营养态度和营养知识评分高于对照组,前白蛋白(PA)、血清白蛋白(ALB)和转铁蛋白(TRF)水平、BMI和上臂肌围均高于对照组(P<0.05),反流性食管炎及腹泻发生率较对照组低(P<0.05),吻合口狭窄、胃排空障碍发生率均低于对照组,但两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:基于BMI的营养健康教育指导可提高食管癌根治术后病人的营养知信行水平,改善病人营养学指标,降低并发症发生率。     

失血性休克紧急手术模拟演练在新入职护士培训中的应用效果分析

目的:探讨失血性休克紧急手术模拟演练在新入职护士培训中的应用效果。方法:选取2019年医院外科手术室新入职护士31人为对照组,另选2020年医院新入职护士31人为观察组,对照组实施常规培训方法,观察组在对照组基础上实施失血性休克紧急手术模拟演练,比较两组应用效果。结果:干预后观察组护士急救相关核心制度、急救抢救药物知识、抢救流程、紧急手术各类应急预案评分均高于对照组(P<0.05);干预后观察组护士除颤仪、呼吸机、心肺复苏仪、徒手心肺复苏操作技能评分均高于对照组(P<0.05);干预后观察组护士抢救配合能力、案例分析能力、应急处理能力、学习兴趣、沟通能力评分均高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组护士工作能力优良率为96.77%,高于对照组的70.97%(P<0.05)。结论:失血性休克紧急手术模拟演练应用于新入职护士培训中,不仅可有效提高其理论知识水平、操作技能及综合能力,还能提高其工作能力优良率。     

消化系统恶性肿瘤患者的营养风险筛查及对营养知识的需求调查

目的调查腹部外科消化系统恶性肿瘤患者营养风险的发生情况及对营养知识的需求。方法运用欧洲营养风险筛查2002(NRS-2002)对100例患者进行营养风险的筛查,并通过问卷对其进行营养知识需求的调查。结果腹部外科消化系统恶性肿瘤患者营养风险的发生率为52%,体质量指数与营养风险的发生有相关性(P0.05)。约74%的患者对膳食营养的知识较为缺乏,单一饮食的患者占34%。患者对营养与健康的知识感兴趣。结论对腹部外科消化系统恶性肿瘤的患者要合理进行营养风险筛查,护士在临床护理工作中进行营养指导,对患者康复有积极作用。